黄河口生态恢复工程对湿地土壤不同形态无机硫动态变化的影响

选择黄河口生态恢复前后的未恢复区（R₀）、2007年恢复区（R₂₀₀₇）和2002年恢复区（R₂₀₀₂）的芦苇湿地为研究对象，探讨了生态恢复工程对生长季湿地土壤无机硫形态变化的影响。结果表明，生态恢复工程不同程度地改变了湿地土壤中各形态无机硫含量。相对于R₀，R₂₀₀₂和R₂₀₀₇土壤中的水溶性硫（H₂O—S）含量分别降低46.7%和44.7%，吸附性硫（Adsorbed—S）和盐酸可溶性硫（HCl—Soluble—S）含量分别增加0.4%，116.0%和50.1%，29.1%，而盐酸挥发性硫（HCl—Volatile—S）含量在R₂₀₀₂下降8.0%，在R₂₀₀₇增加19.7%。不同恢复阶段湿地土壤中各形态无机硫含量在生长季呈不同的变化特征，这一方面与不同湿地植物生长节律以及地上与地下之间的硫养分供给关系密切相关；另一方面则与不同生态补水方式导致的环境因子，尤其是pH、EC和氮养分的变化有关。随着恢复年限的增加，湿地土壤的总无机硫（TIS）含量以及其占全硫（TS）含量的比例均呈降低趋势。湿地土壤的TIS储量整体随恢复年限的增加而降低，而这种降低主要取决于H₂O—S、Adsorbed—S和HCl—Soluble—S的贡献，且以H₂O—S占优（78%~80%）。研究发现，随着黄河口湿地的逐渐恢复以及每年冬季芦苇收割活动的进行，恢复湿地土壤中的无机硫养分逐渐趋于缺乏状态，长期来看将不利于维持湿地的稳定与健康。     

适应农业产业发展产教融合课堂教学改革研究

本文对适应农业区域产业发展产教融合课堂教学改革进行了一定的研究，希望可以为“产教 结合、校企一体”的发展之路提供一定的参考价值。     

Growth change of young Picea sitchensis in response to deer browsing

Taking advantage of the introduction of the black-tailed deer to the Queen Charlotte Islands (British Columbia, Canada), we used dendrochronological analyses to understand the consequences of deer browsing on Sitka spruce growth. We compared shape, radial growth, height growth and age of young spruce in three sites. We identified two types of trees growing side by side: (1) stunted and heavily browsed spruce, smaller than the browsing limit and (2) escaped spruce that were taller than the browsing limit but still browsed in their lower part. The compact and heavily ramified shape in stunted spruce was the result of repeated and intense browsing. In escaped spruce this was also the case below the browsing limit (1.16 m±0.07 m), in sharp contrast with the normal shape that escaped spruce resumed above the browsing limit. We show that the release of browsing pressure, once the tree reaches the browsing limit, is characterised by an abrupt increase in radial growth. Before release, trees show a growth stagnation characterized by narrow rings (0.5 mm per year) and small annual height increments (<5 cm per year). After release, trees show a growth stabilisation characterised by wider rings (3 mm per year) and larger annual height increments (20 cm per year). We use this pattern to estimate frequency and age at release and their possible variation over time. Age differences between stunted and escaped spruce are highly significant and indicate that, despite of browsing, most if not all trees will ultimately reach the browsing limit and escape. Heavy deer pressure (30 deer per km²) delays spruce sapling recruitment by about 8 years. This delay varies in relation to site quality and seems to have increased over time, suggesting an increase in browsing pressure.     

EGR降低S195型柴油机排放的试验研究

介绍了排气再循环（EGR）降低S195型柴油机排放的试验及其研究结果。比较了排气再循环率不同评价指标的特点，提出了一种实用、方便测量排气再循环量指标的方法，分析了EGR对柴油机燃烧过程、柴油机动力性、经济性和排放指标的影响。单缸柴油机循环波动影响分析为今后的实际应用提供了依据。     

新疆野苹果天然群体抗寒性的电阻抗图谱分析

以新疆巩留县和新源县2个居群下的7个新疆野苹果群体当年生枝条为材料,应用EIS法对各群体抗寒性进行测定,并与电导率法进行对比分析。结果表明:巩留和新源2个居群内群体间的半致死温度差异不显著,2个居群间的差异显著,巩留居群的半致死温度显著低于新源居群,证明巩留居群的抗寒性高于新源居群。电阻抗图谱法单-DCE模型中6个参数(τ,ψ,r,r1,re,ri)中,r1,re,τ3个参数可以得出供试样品的半致死温度,其中r1,re所得的半致死温度与电导率法相关系数达到极显著水平,说明参数r1,re适用于新疆野苹果的抗寒性测定。电阻抗图谱法(EIS)与电导率法的抗寒性测定结果基本一致,但省时、不需温育,具有更大优越性。     

一种土壤微生物总DNA的高效提取方法

获得高浓度、大片段、多样性程度高的土壤微生物总DNA 是研究土壤微生物群落结构的分子生态学基础。本文采用间接法(菌体细胞回收法)提取红壤地区两种土壤类型的土壤微生物总DNA,定量计算其回收率,并与直接法(细胞原位裂解法)比较了提取效率和纯度。结果表明:红壤地区2种土壤每克干土的总DNA提取量,间接法约为0.34和0.53礸/g干土,直接法约为13.62和24.32礸/g干土;间接法的提取效率低于直接法,但所得DNA片段较大,且Sau 3AⅠ 酶切和16 S rDNA通用引物PCR扩增结果显示,间接法比直接法更能有效地去除土壤中的某些抑制剂,所得总DNA的纯度更高,有利于后续操作。     

PLC和组态软件在沼气生产中的应用

简述了厌氧发酵过程自动控制的国内外现状、设计思路和设计要求,提出了一种操作简便、基于PLC和组态软件相结合的发酵系统,节省了大量的人力资源。该系统的可移植性强,设计能够根据不同被控仪器、仪表的具体控制指标的要求灵活的调整控制参数,克服了需要重复进行设计、硬性修改等缺点,缩短了系统开发的周期,可大范围推广,具有较大的现实意义。     

牲畜排泄物综合利用路径探究——以盐城奶牛场牲畜排泄物为例

随着中国畜禽养殖规模扩大,集约化程度不断提高,同时伴随化肥工业的迅速发展,使有机粪肥大量闲置,不能及时还田,导致环境污染。本文旨在了解沼气利用现状的基础上,研究牲畜排泄物的综合利用方式,探索畜禽粪便资源化利用的技术途径,为实现养殖场的可持续发展和发展生态农业提供参考。     

Tissue Culture Response from Seedling Explants of Commercial Barley Cultivars Grown in Bulgaria

Abstract

Only a few studies have been conducted in which regenerability of barley has been examined. In the current study, 17 barley genotypes (nine two-row malting type: Aster, Emon, Ruen, Jubiley, PV101, Körten, Krassi 2, Perun and Igri, and eight six-row feed types: Karnobat, Hemus, Jerun, Veslets, Aheloi 2, Diana, Panagon, and Izrgev) were evaluated for tissue-culture response from seedlings during a three-year period. Regenerable calli were obtained from all tested genotypes. Although there was much variation in regeneration capacity among the cultivars, plants were obtained from all cultivars. The majority of green plants grown to maturity were fertile and normal in appearance. The frequency of embryogénie callus induction and regenerability was influenced by genotype and growth conditions of the donor plants. Genotype was the most important determinant of the in vitro response. The best in vitro performance, based on ability to form regenerable calli and to regenerate plants was observed for Ruen, Aster, and Emon.     

黄河口翅碱蓬湿地土壤氮的季节变化

2009年4～11月,选择位于黄河口滨岸中潮滩和低潮滩上的翅碱蓬湿地为研究对象,对比研究了湿地土壤氮的季节变化特征。结果表明:两种湿地不同土层的NO3--N、NH4+-N和TN含量均具有明显的季节变化特征,但不同类型湿地之间差异较大。二者NO3--N、NH4+-N含量的季节差异主要与其所受潮汐影响程度及其引起的无机氮物理运移和对NH4+-N吸附能力的差异有关。二者在7月较低的NO3--N含量主要与植物对土壤中有效氮的大量吸收与利用有关,而8月较高的NO3--N、NH4+-N含量主要与此间土壤有机氮矿化较强有关。两种湿地不同土层的TN含量与C/N的季节变化规律整体相反。二者TN含量的差异主要受制于不同土层的有机质分布以及潮汐的影响状况,而C/N的差异主要与两种湿地在不同时期受陆源的影响程度有关。